Optimum outgassing cycles for aluminum and stainless steel

Outgassing rates were measured for a modified 7075T6 aluminum and 304L stainless steel, for two degrees of finish, at temperatures of 285 deg F to 392 deg F, for times of 0.5 to 72 hours. The results were analyzed to determine optimum time and temperature cycles for outgassing. Optimum cycles were determined with and without the limitations of a graph. The graph related allowable time at temperature to a 5 percent or less reduction in room temperature properties of 7075T6 aluminum. For aluminum, within the limits set by reduction in mechanical properties, the optimum cycle tested was 40 hours at 285 deg F. Disregarding the limits, optimum outgassing was achieved at the highest temperatures and longest times tested, for both aluminum and stainless steel

Evaluation of a pulsed quasi-steady MPD thruster and associated subsystems

The performance of quasi-steady magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thrusters at high power levels is discussed. An axisymmetric configuration is used for the MPD thruster, with various cathode and anode sizes, over a wide range of experimental conditions. Thrust is determined from impulse measurements with current waveforms, while instantaneous measurements are made for all other variables. It is demonstrated that the thrust produced has a predominately self-magnetic origin and is directly proportional to the square of the current. The complete set of impulse measurement data is presented

A conceptual design of a large aperture microwave radiometer geostationary platform

A conceptual design of a Large Aperture Microwave Radiometer (LAMR) Platform has been developed and technology areas essential to the design and on-orbit viability of the platform have been defined. Those technologies that must be developed to the requirement stated here for the LAMR mission to be viable include: advanced radiation resistant solar cells, integrated complex structures, large segmented reflector panels, sub 3 kg/m(exp 2) areal density large antennas, and electric propulsion systems. Technology areas that require further development to enhance the capabilities of the LAMR platform (but are not essential for viability) include: electrical power storage, on-orbit assembly, and on-orbit systems checkout and correction

Appellate Jurisdiction in Ohio over Final Appealable Orders

This article focuses on the rules for determining finality and appealability of judgments under section 2505.02 and Ohio R. Civ. P. 54(B). To that end, this article addresses not only the various categories of final orders but also the procedural mechanisms by which interlocutory appeals are taken from judgments on one part of a case while the rest of the case remains pending. The objective of this article is two-fold. First and foremost, it provides a resource and guide to appellate practitioners and trial court judges for understanding the final order rule and for navigating its various provisions in the courts of appeals. The second objective is to address some of the theoretical problems and inconsistencies underlying the Ohio Supreme Court\u27s jurisprudence in this area and, where possible, to suggest a more consistent approach to adjudicating whether a judgment is final and appealable. The process for determining finality and appealability is much more complex and convoluted than it needs to be and the goal of this article is to contribute to the paragraph five of the syllabus (Ohio 1966). Moreover, when the parties to an appeal neglect to raise and brief a jurisdictional issue themselves, the appellate court is required to raise it sua sponte and dismiss an appeal which is not from a final appealable order. See In re Murray, 556 N.E.2d 1169, 1174 n.2 (Ohio 1990); Whitaker-Merrell v. Geupel Constr. Co., 280 N.E.2d 922, 924 (Ohio 1972). When in doubt, practitioners may file successive notices of appeal whenever an order arguably appears to be final and appealable so as to preserve the right to appeal and to protect them from liability. Such practice clogs the court system even further and is a waste of judicial resources. See Mark J. Chumky, Fairness and Finality: Rethinking Final Appealable Orders Under Ohio Law, 64 U. CIN. L. REv. 143 (1995). Gray v. Youngstown Mun. Ry. Co., 117 N.E.2d 27, 31 (Taft, J., concurring) (Ohio 1954) (emphasis in original). In re Estate of Pulford, 701 N.E.2d 55, 56-57 (Ohio Ct. App. 1997) (Ford, P.J., writing for a unanimous court). Specific records are not kept as to the number of dismissals for jurisdictional reasons in general or lack of a final order in particular. However, I have worked on innumerable cases over the years that have been dismissed for that very reason. bench\u27s and the bar\u27s understanding of these rules and also make the process simpler and more consistent

Posttraumatic Stress in Light Rail Operators

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of light rail operators who report rail-related traumatic events which result in fear, helplessness or horror. Completed surveys were returned by 69 (64%) of 112 eligible operators. Seventy-four percent of the surveys were returned by men while 23% were returned by women. Thirty-two ( 46%) operators reported having experienced an actual traumatic event while 12 (17%) indicated having experienced a threatened traumatic event. The most frequently occurring and stressful events reported by light rail operators included: hitting and killing, hitting, or nearly hitting pedestrians and vehicles while operating the train. Results suggest operators who reported no traumatic event fall asleep easier at night compared to operators who reported an actual traumatic event. Seven ( l 0%) operators who reported a traumatic event ( 4 actual, 3 threatened) met criteria for PTSD as measured by the Civilian Mississippi Scale-Revised (CMS-R). Operators who met PTSD criteria reported they experienced significantly higher on items that assessed: intrusive memories of the event as well as more feelings of distress or anxiety when reminded of the event. Additionally, they reported significantly higher on items that examined: attempts to avoid reminders of the event, feelings of guilt over things they did during the event, feeling alert or on guard, and difficulty getting emotionally close to others. Operators who met PTSD criteria also more frequently indicated thoughts about quitting or leaving work. Finally, a significant positive correlation was found between quantity of near misses and stress of near misses when the scores of all operators were examined. Female operators reported significantly higher levels of stress related to near misses compared to male operators. These findings underscore the importance of ongoing research of the stress and coping reported by operators which can be incorporated in the training of light rail operators and education of the public to reduce the occurrence and negative effects of rail-related trauma

“This Intense Desire to Know the World”: Factors Influencing the Selection of Multicultural Children\u27s Literature

Multicultural children\u27s literature offers readers the opportunity to experience new perspectives and cultures or reaffirm and develop their socio-cultural identity (Boston & Baxley, 2007; Yokota, 2009). The availability of diverse titles for youth is critical in enhancing 21st Century literacy and social skills (AASL, 2007; Common Core, 2010; Krashen, 2004). The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing collection development and the selection of multicultural children\u27s literature in public library collections in geographically and demographically diverse communities across one southeastern state. Employing a mixed methods design, the researcher first surveyed ten library system collections totaling 70 libraries and library branches for three ethnic specific and two non-ethnic specific children\u27s literature awards: Asian/Pacific American Award for Literature (APAAL), Coretta Scott King Award, Pura Belpré Award, John Newbery Award, and Randolph Caldecott Award. The non-ethnic specific awards, the Caldecott and Newbery, were present most in the library collections with the King, Belpré, and APAAL following, respectively. The researcher used the surrounding demographics of each library to investigate the relationship between the diversity of the community and the collection (U.S. Census, 2011). The researcher also identified and surveyed librarians from each system who make selection decisions for the children\u27s section. Findings indicate a wide variety of factors influencing the selection of multicultural children\u27s literature. Using hierarchical regression analyses, the presence of the King and Belpré Award winners were found to be statistically significant predictors of the APAAL, suggesting that librarians use these lists for selecting multicultural children\u27s literature for their collections. The community demographics for each ethnic group were also found to be statistically significant predictors for each corresponding ethnic specific award. The interviewed librarians indicated formal and informal factors on selection including award lists; community needs assessment; and anticipated circulation. They highlighted challenges influencing the selection process with issues like the availability of quality multicultural literature, what is reviewed in selection aids they use, and their ability to select titles about cultures outside of their own experiences. Their responses support the importance of preservice and continuing education to provide opportunities for promoting library services to a globally diverse community

Rights in Property and Property in Rights: Privacy, Contract and Ownership of the Body in Anglo-American Political and Constitutional Thought

This dissertation examines the history of the idea that people possess property rights in their own bodies. I also argue such rights are an alternative foundation on which to base the right to privacy recognized by the Supreme Court in 1965. The Court found privacy to exist in an admittedly nebulous penumbras formed by emanations from other parts of the Bill of Rights. I argue that privacy can be grounded on property rights as well.many founders, Madison asserted property rights in bodies of others (slaves) and similar ownership interests in wives and children. Modern notions of property are far more rigid then they were two centuries ago. In a 1792 essay titled Property, James Madison explained man owned property in, among other things, religious beliefs, opinions and the liberty of his person. Madison, like many founders, was well-schooled in Enlightenment era thought and writings of John Locke and Adam Smith that argued men had property rights in their bodies. Unfortunately, With abolition of slavery and emancipation of married women from the status of femme covert, the notion of ownership rights in the body fell from favor. If white men could no longer assert claims to property in other bodies, there was nothing to stop the government from stepping in to fill the void. The rise of the regulatory state in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries saw a proliferation of laws attempting to regulate lives of Americans, particularly in the area of reproduction. From eugenic laws mandating some people be sterilized and prohibited from bearing children, to anti-contraception and anti-abortion laws essentially mandating other people be forced to bear them, government control of the body expanded. Through it all, however, ownership interests in one’s own body remained an economic fact if not a widely recognized constitutional right. Commodification of the body, be it through sale of tissue or even renting of a womb through surrogacy contracts, is a modern day reflection of the fact that we still acknowledge property rights in our own body. A government taking of that right should be treated as any other taking of property